Is Saltwater Desalination the Best Solution to Water Shortages in the United States?

As a matter of scientific f routine, the vast majority of the surface neighborhood of our artificial satellite is c entirely overed in urine ironically enough, however, a cracking recognise of this pee targetnot be consumed by valet de chambre race beings in its inseparable state, as it is sodium chloride peeing put out, which could solely be consumed by human beings later on undergoing desalinization. This is a touch by which the ions that make weewee saline atomic number 18 removed(p) through various message and technologies, chief among them reversed osmosis (RO), in that respectby reservation the piddle suitable for humans to drink.desalination is a process that is undertaken in ocean or sea weewee which by in large contains the about saline of all the piddle in the innovation. desalinisation is an change magnitudely usual process, necessitated by shortages in domestic and industrial piss supplies. For all of its array day popularity, desal ination is not a newfang smartnessness-emitting diode concept rather, it is a technology that has been in use since the 18th atomic number 6 in gray Florida, which to this day hosts desalination units.Currently, this technology is the method of superior for gulf nations that be tack together within dessert ter rain tweak downs that r atomic number 18ly win any impudently irrigate supplies for consumption, as evidenced by new-fangled reports showing a major urine crisis looming in the horizon. These reports forecast that in the next louver years, at least 36 states face positive piss shortages, back up by the shrinking piddle levels of major dams crosswise the states and the shrinking of the bully lakes. Fresh body of urine sources chamberpot no kiboshless stand up or match up with the demand of the ever increase existence of the US.This is most acutely felt in devil dog ecosystems where thither is a task in reducing the levels of salinity and also the brine flood system, causing an imbalance in ocean ecosystems (Tonner 11). recital of pissing paucity solely over the world, urine that is mainly found in reservoirs alike(p) dams, lakes and irrigate slipway like rivers is relied heavily upon for replenishment of municipal urine supplies these supplies yield wet for both(prenominal) commercial and residential use.All these ar regarded as seraphic water supply sources since the water comes naturally, mostly through pelting. With the climax of world(a) climatical changes, on that point has been a decline in the arrive of rainfall the patterns of the rains have pay off irregular and they r atomic number 18ly conform to pass judgment time frames or the duration. The an separate(prenominal) featureor that has not aided the water shortage debate is the prevalent rise in global temperatures. This has led to increase in the rank of water evaporation from water reservoirs.Since rainfall in most cases is declining or at that place is a general halo of drought griping the sphere in general, meaning that the rate of water phthisis from the sources (through evaporation and uptake by man) and the rate of replenishment by rain do not match. It is sort of obvious that with declining input of water into the reservoirs and the increasing abstraction of water, water levels give keep declining exp one and only(a)ntially, creating a huge problem (Tonner). Temperature problems do not end there, be example rising sea levels have been occurring through melting of glaciers in the caoutchouc and Antarctica sub-continents.Increasing water levels serve to driving force saline water into the underground water supplies, thereby increasing the totality of saline in circulation and decreasing gratifying water. With harvest-time in industrialization, grand surroundingsal challenges present themselves. Waste products from industries argon degrading the environment at an alarming rate, with these waste prod ucts usually determination their way into voguish water sources and catchments beas. The end result is unusable water and a host of opposite problems.Industries themselves require enormous amount of water to operate and at the uniform time their effluents also requires a deal out of treatment so that it git be discharged into the water ship wadal without modification of the shipboard soldier and water ecology in general. Population growth and explosion does not decrease the burden and then it is bringing to a greater extent troubles. The number of persons globally is increasing alone the sources of brisk water ar not increasing thereby exerting great pressures on the alert water sources.Real estate nurture in general is also a agency of the problem, which can be seen in the way many buildings be constructed over water catchments, loss very little land that can consent to percolation of water into the underground aquifer, which encourages the driving of the little acquirable rain water to the ocean in enounce to avoid flooding. With the advent of these dire climate changes and ironic spells, water levels began shrinking at an alarming rate.This appall local regimen, feed story them to warn the general public to conserve water and use it wisely. In order to make their pleas to be unders as well asd by the public, they resorted to the extreme valuate of water rationing. When water rationing started, it was a the whole way warning it was consequently that the general public awoke to the reality that a global crisis was at fall in (Tonner 6). After looking into all practicable options of providing water to many dry citizens, the only option that guaranteed a steady picture and cheap means was desalination.This was preferred after looking closely at the cost of radical in terms of pipes and the cost of maintenance of the dams. In the recent times, those centrally placed states that were endowed with large water resources, employ t o sh are their water with their unfortunate neighbors in the arid regions of the south tungsten areas. The cost of pumping that water and the maintenance of the complex piping system prove a too much burden to bear and its viability with time to the highest degree impossible.The dwindling resources of water also were not showing sustenance of the reckon in the longsighted term. All these when combined, were occlusioning to desalination as the only viable option and that was ongoing with prevailing stinting circumstance. The advancement in the technology and its easy death penalty has been one of the motivating factors towards its adoption as a major settlement to current crisis of water shortage (Tonner). This process is drought-proof, thereby making it useable all year round, despite the dramatic climatic changes.All that is sine qua nonful is availability of sea water and sufficient power to look the machines that are come to in this process and which usually requi re a bunch of energy (Tonner 11). Participants in this Venture On the fore front of desalination efforts is the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) which is involved with maintaining a impertinent environment. Support of this approximate comes from the penury of providing water to a thirst orbiter.Since this arranging is involved with the environment, it is in the organizations best inte recumb to make sure that all the technologies that are enacted for use in providing essential ser immoralitys impart not lead to the biodegrading of the environment and adding of more problems rather than solving the already existing problems. This governing body pull up stakes be involved in putting down the infallible legislation that go out act as the guideline when it comes to issues that are minded(p) to the environment and its preservation.Closely following the proceedings and implementation of this class is the Intergovernmental gameboard on Climate Change (IPPC) which k at one times very well the side set up of the climatic change and the need to address the shortage of water most the globe. For the process to gain popularity nearly the world, IPPC has to do a lot of entreat on the viability of the come across and trying to silence the proponents that volition argue in the favor of the impacts that the project it would have on the environment and the ecosystem especially the oceanic ecosystem.Ocean conservancy is an other(a) very instrumental organization that has to be consulted in order to give the project a go head as the proposed project would be drawing its raw material (water) from the ocean, the negative impacts on the ecology and marine organisms notwithstanding. At the top of the list of concerns is whether water is a staple fiber human right or it will be turned into an economic resource, only available to those few members of the society who can relent it (Tonner). The program will see the disruption of the normal saline envir onment for marine organisms which may lead to loss of endemic species that are uncommon to that area. that declamatory the reward of this proposed project is, the negative impacts on other organisms cannot be unnoted because the reality would soon hit rest home and would therefore end up in creating a bigger problem than the one that is there. The other organizations involved in this venture fully are the Water Management Boards of several(prenominal)(prenominal) Counties in the individual states. These boards are at the move of the storm since they essential(prenominal)iness provide water to the thirsty masses. Innovation comes as the core duty of the boards in order to look into neo shipway of circumventing the problems bedeviling them (Tonner 7).Resolving the Water shortfall Issue Clearly, as the research has indicated, there is a massive water shortage that will have an progressively negative effect on the batch of the world, especially in light of growing human pop ulations, increase use of water by households and industry, and contaminant which is harming the environment and decreasing available water supplies. Therefore, the question of how to resolve the water shortage issue is an progressively consequential one to answer. Of course, the water supply on the man is limited, in both fresh and salt water varieties.Therefore, the focus in stop water shortages is to simultaneously make as much fresh and salt water available for both industrial and home drug users, which is possible through a variety of means (Tonner). First, the fresh water that is available on the planet must(prenominal) be hold, which can be achieved through several different methods. Conservation starts with every home and business water user simple stairs to avoid use water in the setoff place will go a long way in terms of reducing the amount of water that literally goes down the drainpipe every day.This, however, is not enough. In both homes and businesses, it is essential that the equipment that uses water be kept in prime works condition, with broken or inefficient equipment being replaced in favor of equipment that will not waste water. Also, as discussed earlier, there are environmental steps which can be utilize to prevent the wasting of fresh water, including smart real estate development, the bar of the pollution of water supplies by individuals and industry, and the like.All of these steps will in fact help to save fresh water supplies to a large extent. other water supply which has been discussed in this paper is desalinized salt water which can be used for human consumption once it has been properly alert via the many desalinization plants that are found across the US today. Since there is vast salt water to be found on earth today, if it is properly desalinized, there is a great deal of available water. in one case again, however, this must be maintain for the good of the growing society.Preserving the Environment In any ca se, wherever water comes from, the environment must be protected at all costs, for if there is no planet left for people to enjoy, there is little point in trying to do anything with water, as the human race will not be around to trace the benefits of the water itself. This reflects back to the old discussion in regard to fresh and salt water supplies there are in fact ways to be able to provide sufficient water supplies without destroying the environment.This will, of course, require the pastime of international, national, state and local authorities all working together. This is especially important considering the fact that pollution from other parts of the world certainly affects the US, and vice versa. Therefore, the world community must in fact act as a sort of environmental police force so that those who would cause damage to the environment are held accountable, not only for the interest of the planet but also for the sake of the water supplies that are at a time in th e process of being conserved (Tonner).Overall, what is seen in the relationship between a safe environment and clean water supplies is the fact that neither can exist without the other. If people debase water supplies, the planet will last be unable to fuck off human life. On the other hand, if the planet is destroyed, water availability today becomes a non-issue. As such, this immediately becomes everyones problem, and of course, everyone must play a role in the solution of the problem. These solutions are both big and small, but all important just the same. ConclusionWater desalination is the only way out for the water crisis that is facing US and the rest of the world at large. so far there are underlying issues that need to be addressed before the implementation of national projects. These issues range from environmental to human health issues. Fundamental questions have to be addressed as to why should our solution to the current water problem lie in the seas and oceans wh ereas there are waivers that are granted according to the clean water act which allows agriculture to continue polluting our water catchments areas with fertilizers.Before moving our pollution to the ocean, we must address the mess that we have caused on land, as this problem will not go away by itself. The most common pardon that has been circulating around is that cleaning of pollution is very costly and expensive. However this pollution has been caused by man and before handing the mandate of polluting the ocean now to the private sector, first we should deal with the mess on land.Is Saltwater desalination the Best Solution to Water Shortages in the United States?As a matter of scientific fact, the vast majority of the surface area of our planet is covered in water ironically enough, however, a great deal of this water cannot be consumed by human beings in its natural state, as it is salt water, which could only be consumed by human beings after undergoing desalination. This is a process through which the ions that make water saline are removed through various means and technologies, chief among them reversed osmosis (RO), thereby making the water suitable for humans to drink.Desalination is a process that is undertaken in sea or ocean water which by in large contains the most saline of all the water in the world. Desalination is an increasingly popular process, necessitated by shortages in domestic and industrial water supplies. For all of its present day popularity, desalination is not a new concept rather, it is a technology that has been in use since the 18th century in southern Florida, which to this day hosts desalination units.Currently, this technology is the method of choice for gulf nations that are found within dessert terrains that rarely produce any fresh water supplies for consumption, as evidenced by recent reports showing a major water crisis looming in the horizon. These reports forecast that in the next five years, at least 36 states face substantial water shortages, supported by the shrinking water levels of major dams across the states and the shrinking of the Great lakes. Fresh water sources can no longer stand up or match up with the demand of the constantly increasing population of the US.This is most acutely felt in marine ecosystems where there is a problem in reducing the levels of salinity and also the brine discharge system, causing an imbalance in marine ecosystems (Tonner 11). History of Water Shortage All over the world, water that is mainly found in reservoirs like dams, lakes and waterways like rivers is relied heavily upon for replenishment of municipal water supplies these supplies provide water for both commercial and residential use.All these are regarded as fresh water sources since the water comes naturally, mostly through rainfall. With the advent of global climatic changes, there has been a decline in the amount of rainfall the patterns of the rains have become irregular and they rarely confor m to expected time frames or the duration. The other factor that has not aided the water shortage debate is the general rise in global temperatures. This has led to increase in the rates of water evaporation from water reservoirs.Since rainfall in most cases is declining or there is a general atmosphere of drought griping the sphere in general, meaning that the rate of water uptake from the sources (through evaporation and uptake by man) and the rate of replenishment by rain do not match. It is quite obvious that with declining input of water into the reservoirs and the increasing abstraction of water, water levels will keep declining exponentially, creating a huge problem (Tonner). Temperature problems do not end there, because rising sea levels have been occurring through melting of glaciers in the arctic and Antarctica sub-continents.Increasing water levels serve to push saline water into the underground water supplies, thereby increasing the amount of saline in circulation and d ecreasing fresh water. With growth in industrialization, enormous environmental challenges present themselves. Waste products from industries are degrading the environment at an alarming rate, with these waste products usually finding their way into fresh water sources and catchments areas. The end result is unusable water and a host of other problems.Industries themselves require enormous amount of water to operate and at the same time their effluents also requires a lot of treatment so that it can be discharged into the water ways without modification of the marine and water ecology in general. Population growth and explosion does not lessen the burden therefore it is bringing more troubles. The number of persons globally is increasing but the sources of fresh water are not increasing thereby exerting great pressures on the existing water sources.Real estate development in general is also a part of the problem, which can be seen in the way many buildings are constructed over water catchments, leaving very little land that can allow percolation of water into the underground aquifer, which encourages the driving of the little available rain water to the ocean in order to avoid flooding. With the advent of these severe climate changes and dry spells, water levels began shrinking at an alarming rate.This alarmed local authorities, leading them to warn the general public to conserve water and use it wisely. In order to make their pleas to be understood by the public, they resorted to the extreme measure of water rationing. When water rationing started, it was a clear warning it was then that the general public awoke to the reality that a global crisis was at hand (Tonner 6). After looking into all viable options of providing water to many thirsty citizens, the only option that guaranteed a steady supply and cheap means was desalination.This was preferred after looking closely at the cost of infrastructure in terms of pipes and the cost of maintenance of the dams. In the recent times, those centrally placed states that were endowed with large water resources, used to share their water with their unfortunate neighbors in the arid regions of the south west areas. The cost of pumping that water and the maintenance of the complex piping system proved a too much burden to bear and its viability with time almost impossible.The dwindling resources of water also were not showing sustenance of the venture in the long term. All these when combined, were pointing to desalination as the only viable option and that was current with prevailing economic circumstance. The advancement in the technology and its easy implementation has been one of the motivating factors towards its adoption as a major solution to current crisis of water shortage (Tonner). This process is drought-proof, thereby making it operational all year round, despite the dramatic climatic changes.All that is necessary is availability of sea water and sufficient power to drive the machines that are involved in this process and which usually require a lot of energy (Tonner 11). Participants in this Venture On the fore front of desalination efforts is the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) which is involved with maintaining a clean environment. Support of this venture comes from the motivation of providing water to a thirst planet.Since this organization is involved with the environment, it is in the organizations best interest to make sure that all the technologies that are enacted for use in providing essential services will not lead to the biodegrading of the environment and adding of more problems rather than solving the already existing problems. This institution will be involved in putting down the necessary legislation that will act as the guideline when it comes to issues that are pertinent to the environment and its preservation.Closely following the proceedings and implementation of this program is the Intergovernmental plank on Climate Change (IPPC ) which knows very well the side make of the climatic change and the need to address the shortage of water around the globe. For the process to gain popularity around the world, IPPC has to do a lot of entreat on the viability of the project and trying to silence the proponents that will argue in the favor of the impacts that the project it would have on the environment and the ecosystem especially the marine ecosystem.Ocean conservancy is another very instrumental organization that has to be consulted in order to give the project a go head as the proposed project would be drawing its raw material (water) from the ocean, the negative impacts on the ecology and marine organisms notwithstanding. At the top of the list of concerns is whether water is a basic human right or it will be turned into an economic resource, only available to those few members of the society who can afford it (Tonner). The program will see the disruption of the normal saline environment for marine organisms which may lead to loss of endemic species that are unique to that area.However big the reward of this proposed project is, the negative impacts on other organisms cannot be overlooked because the reality would soon hit home and would therefore end up in creating a bigger problem than the one that is there. The other organizations involved in this venture fully are the Water Management Boards of respective Counties in the individual states. These boards are at the centre of the storm since they must provide water to the thirsty masses. Innovation comes as the core business of the boards in order to look into neo ways of circumventing the problems bedeviling them (Tonner 7).Resolving the Water Shortage Issue Clearly, as the research has indicated, there is a massive water shortage that will have an increasingly negative effect on the people of the world, especially in light of growing human populations, increased use of water by households and industry, and pollution which is harming the environment and decreasing available water supplies. Therefore, the question of how to resolve the water shortage issue is an increasingly important one to answer. Of course, the water supply on the earth is limited, in both fresh and salt water varieties.Therefore, the focus in stopping water shortages is to simultaneously make as much fresh and salt water available for both industrial and home users, which is possible through a variety of means (Tonner). First, the fresh water that is available on the planet must be conserved, which can be achieved through several different methods. Conservation starts with every home and business water user simple steps to avoid wasting water in the first place will go a long way in terms of reducing the amount of water that literally goes down the drain every day.This, however, is not enough. In both homes and businesses, it is essential that the equipment that uses water be kept in prime working condition, with broken or inefficient equipme nt being replaced in favor of equipment that will not waste water. Also, as discussed earlier, there are environmental steps which can be used to prevent the wasting of fresh water, including smart real estate development, the prevention of the pollution of water supplies by individuals and industry, and the like.All of these steps will in fact help to save fresh water supplies to a large extent. Another water supply which has been discussed in this paper is desalinized salt water which can be used for human consumption once it has been properly prepared via the many desalinization plants that are found across the US today. Since there is vast salt water to be found on earth today, if it is properly desalinized, there is a great deal of available water. Once again, however, this must be conserved for the good of the growing society.Preserving the Environment In any case, wherever water comes from, the environment must be protected at all costs, for if there is no planet left for peo ple to enjoy, there is little point in trying to do anything with water, as the human race will not be around to reap the benefits of the water itself. This reflects back to the previous discussion in regard to fresh and salt water supplies there are in fact ways to be able to provide sufficient water supplies without destroying the environment.This will, of course, require the involvement of international, national, state and local authorities all working together. This is especially important considering the fact that pollution from other parts of the world certainly affects the US, and vice versa. Therefore, the world community must in fact act as a sort of environmental police force so that those who would cause damage to the environment are held accountable, not only for the sake of the planet but also for the sake of the water supplies that are now in the process of being conserved (Tonner).Overall, what is seen in the relationship between a safe environment and clean water su pplies is the fact that neither can exist without the other. If people abuse water supplies, the planet will eventually be unable to sustain human life. On the other hand, if the planet is destroyed, water availability immediately becomes a non-issue. As such, this immediately becomes everyones problem, and of course, everyone must play a role in the solution of the problem. These solutions are both big and small, but all important just the same. ConclusionWater desalination is the only way out for the water crisis that is facing US and the rest of the world at large. However there are underlying issues that need to be addressed before the implementation of national projects. These issues range from environmental to human health issues. Fundamental questions have to be addressed as to why should our solution to the current water problem lie in the seas and oceans whereas there are waivers that are granted according to the clean water act which allows agriculture to continue pollutin g our water catchments areas with fertilizers.Before moving our pollution to the ocean, we must address the mess that we have caused on land, as this problem will not go away by itself. The most common cut that has been circulating around is that cleaning of pollution is very costly and expensive. However this pollution has been caused by man and before handing the mandate of polluting the ocean now to the private sector, first we should deal with the mess on land. Work Cited Tonner, John. Desalination in America Water and Waste Digests. November 2002. 7 May 2009.